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論文識別碼	etd-0711108-164111
統計	本論文已被瀏覽 51 次，被下載 763 次
中文姓名	李智傑
英文姓名	Chih-Chieh Li
電子信箱	E-mail 資料不公開
系所名稱(中)	化學工程學系碩博士班
系所名稱(英)	Chemical Engineering
學年度	96
學期	2
學位	碩士
語文別	中文
論文種類	碩士論文
論文名稱(中)	酸性觸媒在生質柴油製程之研究
論文名稱(英)	Study on Acid Catalyst in Biodiesel Production Process
頁數	98
摘要(中)	由於石化燃料逐漸枯竭且溫室效應造成的地球暖化日益嚴重，因此尋求適當的可再生能源取代石化燃料並減緩大氣中溫氣體的累積速率將是刻不容緩的課題。生質柴油（Biodiesel）具有可經由再生原料來製備、無毒性、生物可分解且不會增加二氧化碳的淨排放量等優點，因此近幾年來備受各界關注。傳統上，生質柴油透過轉酯化反應將動植物油脂與低碳數醇類經鹼性觸媒催化生成，但此製程必須在無水且低脂肪酸含量的條件下進行。如反應物含有過量的脂肪酸，酸性觸媒可以有效地催化生成生質柴油。在酸催化系統中，硫酸、鹽酸與硝酸常被用來當作催化酯化反應的催化劑，但只有鹽酸可重複催化酯化反應。 在本研究中，以酵素法將大豆油水解反應獲得大量的脂肪酸，在鹽酸催化下，水解獲得之脂肪酸與甲醇進行酯化反應生成脂肪酸甲酯（生質柴油），並藉由實驗設計法完整地探討醇酸莫耳比、反應溫度與觸媒濃度對於酯化反應之影響並以一均相動力學模型來描述此反應之行為。此動力學模型進一步預測反應速率常數之奇異點、脂肪酸轉化率為0.99下之最適化操作條件以及鹽酸重複使用對於脂肪酸轉化率之影響，其預測結果皆與實際實驗結果相當一致。
摘要(英)	Biodiesel has been received much attention, because it is a renewable, non-toxic and alternative energy. Traditionally, biodiesel is formed via the transesterification of oil with low molecular weight alcohols by using alkaline catalysts. The alkali process of biodiesel production requires anhydrous condition and the oil with a very low amount of free fatty acids (FFAs). Once the crude oils contain high levels of FFAs, acidic catalysts are used efficiently for biodiesel production. For acid-catalyzed systems, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid are commonly used as the catalyst, but only hydrochloric acid can be reused in the esterification process. In this study, fatty acids, obtained from enzymatic hydrolysis of soybean oil, are esterificated with methanol to produce biodiesel by using the acidic catalyst of hydrochloric acid. The kinetic study of the esterification was carried out with different levels of molar ratio of methanol to free fatty acids, reaction temperature and acidic catalyst concentration by using the method of experimental design. The experimental data were well-correlated by a second order kinetic equation. The kinetic model was employed to predict experimental conditions, including the singular point of reaction rate constant, the optimal operating conditions at a fatty acids conversion of 99% and the influence of hydrochloric acid concentration to a fatty acids conversion. Since the kinetic model approach the reaction system well, the experiment conformation agree with the model prediction.
論文目次	摘要 I Abstract II 誌謝 III 總目錄 IV 表目錄 VIII 圖目錄 IX 符號說明 XI 第一章 緒論 1 1-1 前言 1 1-2 研究動機與目的 3 第二章 文獻回顧 6 2-1 生質能源的開發 6 2-1-1 植物油脂燃料之簡介 6 2-1-2 植物油脂燃料的缺點 7 2-1-3 改善植物油脂燃料缺點與殘留問題 8 2-2 生質柴油之發展 12 2-2-1 生質柴油的特性 12 2-2-2 生質柴油的原料及其製造 14 2-2-3 生質柴油規格化與標準規範 16 2-2-4 生質柴油的生產發展與趨勢 20 2-2-4-1 國際生質柴油發展概況 20 2-2-4-2 國內生質柴油發展現況 22 2-2-5 生質柴油的經濟性 23 2-3 轉酯化反應 26 2-3-1 鹼催化反應 28 2-3-2 酵素催化反應 30 2-3-3 酸催化反應 31 2-4 酯化反應 33 第三章 實驗材料與實驗方法 34 3-1 實驗藥品 34 3-2 實驗設備 35 3-3 油脂水解反應 36 3-3-1 製備脂肪分解酵素溶液 36 3-3-2 油脂水解反應 37 3-4 油脂水解反應轉化率分析 37 3-5 酯化反應 38 3-6 脂肪酸轉化率分析 39 3-7 生質柴油中硫酸根離子與氯離子之分析 41 3-8 均相酸性觸媒定量分析 43 第四章 結果與討論 44 4-1 酸性觸媒催化生產生質柴油之可行性分析 44 4-2 反應動力學模型建立與參數估計 55 4-2-1 實驗參數設計 59 4-2-2 醇酸莫耳比對於脂肪酸酯化反應的影響 60 4-2-3 反應溫度對於脂肪酸酯化反應的影響 62 4-2-4 酸觸媒濃度對於脂肪酸酯化反應的影響 64 4-2-5 反應動力學模型參數之決定 67 4-2-5-1 反應速率常數 67 4-2-5-2 活化能 69 4-2-5-3 酸觸媒濃度與正向反應速率常數和平衡常數的頻率因子之關係 72 4-2-5-4 醇酸莫耳比與正向反應速率常數的頻率因子之關係 74 4-2-6 模型可信度 76 4-2-7 結語 77 4-3 反應動力學模型之預測與實驗驗證 78 4-3-1 反應速率常數奇異點之預測 78 4-3-2 最適化條件之預測 82 4-3-3 鹽酸重複使用對於脂肪酸轉化率影響之預測 85 4-3-4 結語 87 第五章 結論與未來展望 89 5-1 結論 89 5-2 未來展望 91 參考文獻 92 自述 98
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關鍵字(中)	鹽酸 酯化反應 動力學模型 生質柴油
關鍵字(英)	Hydrochloric acid Kinetic model Esterification Biodiesel
口試委員	吳俊毅 - 口試委員 張嘉修 - 口試委員 張德生 - 口試委員 吳文騰 - 指導教授
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國圖開放權限	暫不開放，開放日為： (No access until)：2010-08-01
繳交日期	2008-07-11

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